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The guitar is a Spanish invention. While the English were developing the lute, and Stradivarius was busy in his shop making violins in Italy, the development and perfection of the guitar was left to the Spanish luthiers. Most of the great, formative composers of classical guitar music have been Spanish in ancestry, including Fernando Sor and Mateo Carcassi.
Today, the word Spanish guitar typically means a smaller-bodied acoustic guitar strung with nylon strings. The Spanish guitar has since developed into two different forms: the classical guitar and the flamenco guitar.
The classical guitar is about ? the size of a traditional steel-string acoustic guitar. The neck is slightly wider, and it is strung with nylon strings. Today, the classical guitar is used almost exclusively for the performance of classical and folk music. Willie Nelson is a notable exception to this rule, as the country superstar has strummed an old Martin classical (nicknamed "trigger") throughout his entire career.
The flamenco guitar differs from the classical guitar very little. They are the same size and strung with the same strings. Both share the wider neck profile. Since flamenco is a very energetic, muscular type of dance music, a flamenco guitar will sometimes feature special reinforcements on the interior of the guitar, as well as an added pickguard generally not found on classical guitars. To hear some examples, check out the work of Paco DeLucia; today's foremost traditional flamenco stylist.
You can find out more about Spanish-style guitars at online guitar stores for spanish guitars. Here you can find more information about these types of instruments, as well as directing you to places where these guitars are available for sale. Good luck!
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